Al.Qadisiya journal for the Sciences of Physical Education

Despite the growing importance of the knowledge economics and sustainable development based on different technologies and information technology developed at the level of the world as a whole, there is no clear understanding and depth to the role of biomechanics relating to in the field of sports and there is a clear neglect of the human creative thought and effort adopted to achieve the best productivity and the lowest consumption.
This study is an attempt to reduce the knowledge gap for people interested in sports in Iraq in comparison to other countries in the world and as part of an interest in biomechanics being one of the pillars of knowledge economics which requires the inevitable stand on this fact to launch it toward catching up with world countries through a well-defined study to achieve sustainable development. The study has found out that biomechanics has an active role in the knowledge economics and sustainable development through the ongoing development of events and sporting achievements being one of the locomotive of industrial development in the twenty-first century. Within this framework, it has been shown that the economic and biomechanics axes are based on a variety of mechanisms of human resources and scientific laws.

That the player during the match may be exposed to psychological pressure caused by some external factors that affect the player's emotions (whether negatively or positively) may affect the effectiveness of the player and therefore affect the outcome of games, The importance of research is to identify the impact of psychological toughness of Romanian wrestlers in Response to emotional (fixed and mobile), pressure this many cause have significant impact (negative impact) on the performance of their duties. The researcher in after seeing how psychological solid wrestlers training in the preparation for and impact in responding to emotional (fixed and mobile)
The research goal was to identify the level of mental toughness and emotional response (fixed and mobile) and to identify the differences between the Roman wrestlers (junior and youth) in the impact of mental toughness as relates to the emotional response .
The researcher supposes that there are statistical differences between the three tests (Pre-middle, final) for each age group (junior and youth) in the impact toughness of mental response emotional (fixed and mobile) and the existence of a discrepancy between these age groups. The research included theoretical studies that serve to find and address the operational procedures and statistical methods to obtain data through three tests, as well as introducing the results analyzed and discussed. The research and with a conclusion and recommendations.

The basic skills (determine & offensive) in basketball form a base for competition which decide the level of teams and their rank. At the same time, they are considered as the axis for the researchers when putting tests are put and forming new groups approaching real situations of the game to create real a vision and estimate for skill state and a method to correct and offer positive solutions. The problem of the research is to indicate that the variables that occur in training, particularly the skill aspect, demand tests that matches with these variables forming new standards, on the other hand .The researchers have found that there is a lack of the few patterns for measuring basic skills (defensive & offensive) and that test are applied on samples without taking in to consideration the age group. This does not identify the points of weakness and strength for players.
The sample consists of juniors players (ages 15-16 years) invited for choosing the Iraqi National Team, representing (10) governorates. Results, which are statistically treated, refer to two modified skill tests (movements of the defensive player & defensive assistance) and applying the skill tests (defensive and offensive) in the Iraq environment for the first time, identifying their own standards.
Using these defensive & offensive variables and their tests on valuation operation and using these tests in the process of selection is highly recommended.

Abstract
The sporting achievements that have been made at the present time and the high level in sports in general did not come purely as coincidence or out of speculation. Rather, it is the fruit of planning and high athletic training adopted mainly on research and experience and scientific experiments. In fact, the training process aims at attaining achievement for the sake of excellence in sports. The athletic training for people with disabilities in general and from the class (B12-B13) in particular have certain privacy, depending on the point of view of researchers from exercise training. Coaches of the disabled and through sight training to researchers have found that the foundations of training are the same, which gives warm-up with some privacy for a class of disabled athletes, who, unlike healthy players, lack full-motion because of the presence of disability, whether it is due to paralysis or amputation of one of the limbs. Athletic coaches have to give training programs for the disabled based on the scientific basis for athletic training in terms of the rules of sports training and formations training load, internal and external loading, and gradation.

The importance of this research is to shed light on the times of start and end of the movement of every part and the joints operating in shooting in basketball and the extent of overlap and the start of movement in another joint as a process of motor transference. This is to make the image of performance clear in the process of shooting which facilitates the work of teachers and trainers in the delivery of the ideal technique for the players, which in its turn benefits learners and elevate the sport of basketball.
The few studies that address this process are inaccurate in understanding the process of performance and motor transference from one part to another , from the ankle to the knee and then to the hip . . . etc leaving a wrong impression

This study concentrates on specialist training taking into consideration force moments and focusing on physical requirements of singles against time race to improve cyclists performance. The problem of the research deals with weak achievement of the Iraqi cyclists in singles against time race
The research aims at setting a specialist program according to force moment to improve physical characteristics ( speed endurance , strength endurance , speed strength ) and exploring the effect of setting a specialist program according to force moment to improve strain distribution and achievement of Iraqi national team in singles against time race.
The experimental method is used for designing two groups (control and experimental). The sample of the research is selected according to the deliberate method from the Iraqi National Team of Bicycle 2011-2012 , 6 cyclist in each group ,a post-test has been carried out after 10 weeks. The study comes up with some important conclusions and recommendations. The most important conclusion is that the specialist program according to force moment improves physical characteristics ( speed endurance, strength endurance, speed strength), and that it also improves cyclists performance, strain distribution and final achievement. Using a specialist program according to force moment and electric activity is highly recommended.

karate requires physical and movement capabilities and high potential for the two muscular and nervous systems of practitioners as well as some of the physical specifications player as performance depends on the application of the technical aspects in an integrated manner , which depend directly or indirectly on kinmatic aspects during the attack or defense.
During their watching of the Championship of Middle Euphrates for youth, the researchers find that there is a problem facing most of the players, in the course of the performance of the skill kicking in attack and that they cannot perform the front kick perfectly. In fact, the performance of this kick needs certain physical capabilities and special training. This is the problem of the research.
The research aims at preparing special exercises to develop some of the kinmatic variables related to the performance of the skill of the front - kick skills by the members of the sample of the research, dentifying the effect of exercise in the development of some kinmatic variables in this respect.
The hypothesis of the research is that here are no statistically significant differences between pretest and posttests in the kinmatic to perform a front kick skill .
The sample of the research consists of young players (18-21 years) of karate, ( 20 ) players with weight ( 55 kg ) for the Middle Euphrates clubs .
The research comes up with several conclusions and recommendations. It is concluded that the exercises prepared help improve the time of performing the kick and to improve hip angle by reducing the corner which leads to reduce the strain involved in the performance of the kick as well as the time of their performance it is highly recommended that Karate instructors take advantage of special exercises used in this research which help the kinmatic variables in the improvement of the front kick, as well as the development of performance time for the front kick .

The study has two main objectives. The first objective is to identify the effect of a direct mental training by using the different times of learning unite according to intensive practice for Arabian leaping for student. The second one is to identify the effect of the significant result of mental training period according to the intensive practice for the skill under study.
The experimental method is used by the researcher to design two experimental groups to suit the nature of the research. The sample of the research includes the (13) students of second year of studies at the Faculty of Physical Education/ University of Sulaymaniyah, divided into two groups, (6) students for the first experimental group and (7) for the second experimental group. A number of appliances, tools and aids of data collection are used by the researcher such as (scientific observation, the opinions of experts and specialists and video imaging). After the pre-test and after giving the learning units, the educational units are applied within two teaching methods for both groups, (8) educational units for each. The posttest is conducted for the research variables by using the appropriate statistical means such as (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, test (T) for independent samples and non-independent).
The research comes up with some important conclusions. It is concluded that the teaching curriculum applied to different mental training with intensive practice has a positive effect and the level of skill in the performance of mixed Arabian jump for the students is disharmonious. It is also seen that the curriculum that has applied the direct mental training by different time is positive for the students. Also important is the fact that there is no significant result for any of the groups that have applied direct mental training by using different times with intensive practice in the performance for the Arabian leap.

That scientific progress in the field of sports has seen a remarkable development in various levels and most sports, achieving a qualitative leap in achieving many of the major sporting achievements, etc. These achievements namely a sum close link between the mathematical sciences and other sciences.
The game of basketball is one of these sports activities, which reached the advanced level and as a result of entering the scientific side in all aspects by the ongoing experiences on physical, skill full tactical and functional capabilities, and the rapid rhythm of this game requires an adaption according to many specifications of physiological, Physicist and certain Physical to save the required energy to suit the requirements of the game. Jump skill in the game of basketball mainly inter venetians lot of its skills, such as shooting skill by jumping, offensive following up skill and defensive following up..... etc .there by access to the high level in the game of basketball is linked to the safety and effectiveness of the internal devices of the body whereby enable to achieve the required goal.
The importance of research is to highlight the essential and effective skill in the basketball game which is jumping skill in terms of Bio-Mechanical asset whereby links to the success of many of the offensive and defensive skills success, and in this sense, the researcher opined study of the differences in the skill of vertical jumping in basketball in terms of Biomechanical asset between the two groups of basketball elite players different in nerve conduction velocity to high light the importance of neural supply for muscles kinematic properties for performance.

Most of the studies concentrate on the foot (Alraklh) while we do not find
extensive studies on foot pivot during the performance of a skill for kicking the
on the ground, or the amount of stress ball in terms of the amount of force that
with the earth as well as the amount of angle deviation quotient and time
moment kicking, and that after the level of foot pivot for Ball has a direct
impact in guiding the path of the ball properly, and all these variables important
for the success of the performance, so we find most trainers rely on estimates
and selfobservation theory for not having their setups modern technology as a
scanner foot (foot scan), which helps to give accurate results to evaluate the
performance , as the value of scientific research depends on the type of data and
accuracy.
Research aimed to
1-Preparation of private and corrective exercises in terms of indicators a foot
scanner.
2-Get the corrective effect of exercise in the development of internal facial
kicking the ball of the foot for Cubs players.
-Research Methodology: The researcher used the first "descriptive approach to
identify the proper distance pivot foot, then use the experimental method with
the control and experimental groups to get to know the impact of private.
-The research sample: The sample consisted search from my school Suq and
Shatrah numbered (95) player for testing survey to identify the proper distance
to the foot pivot skill for kicking the ball generally foot interior, while the
selected Center School Nasiriyah to apply the experience major numbered (44)
player and handed out to ( 16) The player sample experiment reconnaissance
and (28) player sample major search, divided randomly and in a manner draw
on two equal groups, one experimental and the other officer and by (14) players
per group.
The most important conclusions;1-The distance (26-30 cm) is the best pivot foot
distance from the center of gravity of the ball while scoring and the distance
(24-31 cm) generally foot and be presented internal standard pivot ball.
2-the experimental group than the control group in the development of the skill
of kicking a ball internal face of the foot.

It is highly important to identify the scientific planning that uses science and knowledge consciously to establish the elements of sports that provide the bases of a strong and solid foundation. The problem of the research lies in the fact that there is a clear weakness in the intelligence field for the players during matches. The aim of the research is to: -
- Identify the level of intelligence field of the players Qadisiya University football team .
- Identify the effectiveness of the performance of some offensive skills ( rolling , support , shooting ) .
- Identify the effectiveness of the performance of some defensive skills ( pressure on the striker and attacking the ball , coverage , dispersion ) .
- Understand the relationship between both the offensive and defensive skills of the players Qadisiya University football team .
The hypothesis of the research is the presence of a significant relationship between the level of intelligence in the field and some offensive defensive skills.
It is concluded that there is a discrepancy in the level of intelligence of the field between the players. It is highly recommended that the psychological need be focused on preparing for the players and the development of intelligence.
2 - Take advantage of this research in assessing the curriculum of preparation skills and tactics for players .
3 – to conduct similar studies in other games .

The great scientific development which the world witness today reflects itself on the social and psychological behavior in general and sport education in particular. Teachers want to know the personal characteristics, tendencies and psychological behavior of the individuals who work with them in order to motivate and push them to the sport activity and lesson actively.
The teachers need to measure the direction for students so as to put curriculum styles to amend the directions when they are negative towards physical education and to be developed so that the lesson can achieve its goals.
The free performance is considered as one of the modern styles in directing the lesson of physical which give the opportunity to employ the learning skills actively to participate in developing on the behavioral, psychological and information levels.
The objective of the research is to identify the effect of free modulation free to modify the trend towards the lesson of physical education for students.

In order to facilitate the learning process and accelerate the use teaching methods are clear and simplified within the modules, helping the learner to master the performance hits, so the researchers see that there's aneed to use the method (mixed and partial)-style reverse to know the extent of their impact on learning, and here lies the importance of research in the application of methods-style reverse to teach students the Faliti javelin and shot weight with less time and effort through the experience of Field researchers it is noticed that most of the students of the Faculty of Physical Education (first year) have difficulty when learning Faliti javelin and shot weight compared to other events ; here lies the difficulty in the process of linking performance stages.
- Understand the impact of the two methods (mixed and partial) reverse-style in Falta students learning the javelin and extrusion of gravity.
- Identify the differences in the influence of both methods (mixed and partial)-style reverse student learning Faliti the javelin and extrusion of gravity.
- know the effect of the two methods (mixed and partial) reverse manner in student learning Falta javelin and extrusion of gravity.
- know the an advantage in the mixed impact of the way in the reverse manner student learning Faliti the javelin and extrusion of gravity.
Researchers used the experimental method to rotate groups to suit the nature of the research community was students male first stage from the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Babylon (90) male students for the academic year 2012-2013 AD, have been selected by 30 students, divided into two experimental groups, the first experimental group include (15 students), and the second experimental group include (15) students were selected randomly.
• The way, (partial mixed) inverse-style has achieved its goals in the students' learning Falta javelin and extrusion of gravity.
• The mixed method manner reverse Alavsalih in student learning Falta
Javelin and extrusion of gravity.
The research suggest the need to ;
• The use of reverse-style hybrid method when teaching Falta javelin and shot weight especially with the students.
conduct similar studies and applied to other individual events.